The paper has been commissioned to serve as a Discussion Paper to a series of workshops on Consolidating Democratic Devolution in Pakistan organised by the Forum of Federations and Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency – PILDAT through January-March 2014. Given the important implications of the legislative, political and power sharing arrangements that exist between Pakistan’s two orders of government – federal and provincial, this transfer places increased capacity demands on the role and function of the Provincial Governments and a greater understanding of and adjustment to this monumental shift on the part of the Federation.